CNC machine tools are computer-based systems where you can write coded instructions and are commonly used by companies as a means of mass production. These systems continue to be among the indispensable tools with various coding languages and different programming languages. CNC machine tools are typically installed on lathes in production facilities. They can be used for various tasks, such as:
- Determining the material production or shaping process,
- Controlling the speed and parameters of the process,
- Halting or reprogramming the process if the designed object is not satisfactory,
- Saving the progress of the operation and resuming it later.
What Are the Types of CNC Machine Tools?
CNC machines serve a wide range of functions and have diverse applications. They are widely used on any machine equipped with a Numerical Control mechanism for coding and processing metals and other materials by removing chips. Some examples of CNC machine tool types include:
- Lathe machine
- Milling machine
- Drilling machine
- Boring machine
- Grinding machine
All of these machines have their unique coding styles and capacities. Each machine has its own characteristics, and you cannot perform tasks on a machine that does not possess the required features by coding.
What Are the General Features of CNC Machines?
Each machine has its specific coding style and unique features. Generally, when discussing the characteristics of these machines:
NC machine tools do not have a memory to record operations. These machines read data in blocks and sequentially execute the coded instructions.
You need to apply G and M codes to program and operate the machines.
During operations, if something goes wrong, you can stop the process, fix the error, and resume from where it left off.
You can use multiple programming languages, not just a single coding language, to perform the necessary tasks.
What Are the Advantages of CNC Machine Tools?
We previously mentioned that these machines are widely used in various operations and are essential for manufacturing. CNC machine tools offer advantages that surpass their counterparts, and users generally find these machines highly satisfactory. When compared to conventional machines that require elements like templates and fixturing, CNC machines can be set up for these operations in a shorter time. Moreover, considering factors such as adjusting dimensions and manual movements, time losses are completely eliminated.
CNC machines always operate at high and consistent speeds. They maintain high precision despite their fast performance. Additionally, these machines eliminate personal and human errors in the manufacturing process.
What Are the Disadvantages of CNC Machine Tools?
Like any system or machine, CNC machines also have some disadvantages. However, these drawbacks are not inherent to the machines themselves but rather relate to certain factors that users may face initially. These factors include:
- Detailed planning and drawing stages are required during the manufacturing process.
- CNC machines can be expensive, making them costly investments.
- The hourly rate for CNC machine operation is relatively high.
- Due to their high cutting speeds, materials being cut must be of high quality.
- Since CNC machines are complex systems, periodic maintenance should be performed by expert personnel.